Why over two-thirds of the Internet of Things projects will fail

Security, IoT Security

Article | July 13, 2023

As development teams race to build out AI tools, it is becoming increasingly common to train algorithms on edge devices. Federated learning, a subset of distributed machine learning, is a relatively new approach that allows companies to improve their AI tools without explicitly accessing raw user data. Conceived by Google in 2017, federated learning is a decentralized learning model through which algorithms are trained on edge devices. In regard to Google’s “on-device machine learning” approach, the search giant pushed their predictive text algorithm to Android devices, aggregated the data and sent a summary of the new knowledge back to a central server. To protect the integrity of the user data, this data was either delivered via homomorphic encryption or differential privacy, which is the practice of adding noise to the data in order to obfuscate the results.

IoT Security

Article | July 5, 2023

We live in the age of technological advancement and progress is happening at an unprecedented speed. With newer technologies emerging every day, it is unreasonable to not be intrigued by their implications on business. Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things are two independent technologies that are changing the face of several industries, one advancement at a time. While Artificial Intelligence promises to automate and simplify everyday tasks for humans, the Internet of Things is rapidly bridging the gap between physical and digital. The convergence of these two technologies promises to simplify lives through connected devices. This convergence has already been witnessed in several industries and is being hailed as the Artificial Intelligence of Things or AIoT. Experts across industries claim that Artificial Intelligence of Things is set to redefine the future of the industry and mold intelligent and connected systems. Applications The Artificial Intelligence of Things is a congruence of AI and IoT infrastructures being used to achieve several applications across industries more accurately and efficiently. We already know that IoT generates scores of data, but this data is pretty useless in its raw form, it the organization, analysis, and interpretation of the data that makes it invaluable. Manually parsing through all of that data can take months given the sheer volume of it. This is where AI comes in. Modern AIs are programmed to efficiently handle large amounts of data to turn them into coherent pieces of information. Together, IoT and AI make for a great technological tool for business. Take a look at some other applications of AIoT in business. Marketing Good marketing comes from a series of well informed and well-researched decisions. For example, deciding on where the budget is allotted, what market strategy is put into action, or which campaign is prioritized. While human decisions can be fallible, most businesses today cannot afford to make big mistakes. This is where AIoT turns into a big help. Through the Artificial Internet of Things, marketers can get reports about market trends, probabilities, customer behavior, and more, most of these in real-time. These reports help marketers make informed decisions that are much likely to result in success. Drones Drones are one of the biggest advancements of IoT technology. In fact, drones are so popular with such varied applications, that drones can be talked of as a separate technology in themselves. These flying machines were originally invented for military purposes such as surveillance or weapon deployment but markets have rapidly found utility in drones for many other purposes. Today, they are being used as delivery bots, nature conservation, surveillance mechanisms, research tools, safety equipment, field substitutes, agriculture, geo-mapping, and a lot more. With AIoT, drones have become smarter, more adaptable, and way more useful. As Artificial intelligence allows drones to make minor decisions, their applications have gotten wider and more sophisticated. In a brilliant use case of AIoT, a drone enthusiast named Peter Kohler has started the Plastic Tide Project which uses drones to locate plastic on the ocean surfaces. The drones are powered by AI which allows them to locate plastic and not other elements like marine life or corals. These drones then hover over the plastic waste and speed up the ocean cleaning process. Drones can be used to map farmlands, determine the optimum farming processes and schedules, count the cattle, monitor their health, and even undergo certain physical tasks in agriculture, all thanks to the Artificial Intelligence of Things. AR/VR Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are both heavily data-dependent technologies. There cannot be a convincing virtual reality unless there is data available for creating the said simulation. AR and VR have both found applications in several industries like healthcare, gaming, training, education, design, and manufacturing. Most of these applications fall in the critically important category and therefore, the AR or VR must be accurate to the minutest detail. This can only be achieved with mounds of data from the actual reality. With the help of IoT, this data is not accessible, and AI interprets it in a way that it can be turned into several different formats. Infrastructure One of the most useful applications of AIoT has been infrastructure. Artificial Intelligence of Things has fuelled innovation and planning for smart cities across the world. With the open data available for urban planning, cities are now becoming safer and more convenient to live in. AIoT has also made it possible to optimize energy consumption and ensure safer roadways through traffic surveillance. With smart energy grids, smart streetlights, and smart public transport, energy consumption and carbon emissions are both controlled. Moreover, AIoT has given a whole new life to urban design, and now comfort and aesthetics do not have to be sacrificed for convenience. Energy As we discussed above, Artificial Intelligence of Things is instrumental in optimizing energy consumption in urban areas. However, the applications of AIoT in the energy sector are not limited to smart cities. Many utilities providers across the globe are already gearing up to incorporate AIoT in their process. The expected benefits from the Artificial Intelligence of Things range from improved grid management, power quality, reliability, and restoration resilience to enhanced cybersecurity and better integration of distributed energy. Most utilities providers have still not adopted the new technology but with the increasing complexity of grid management and higher customer experience demands, there is no denying that they will have to deploy AIoT solutions to tackle these. Robotics In layman’s experience robots are either extremely sophisticated machines from sci-fi that undertake every task humans can and more, or they are these clunky things that can pass you the butter. In practice, however, robotics is a lot more practical than these ideas. Today, robotics is at the forefront of AIoT applications. The Artificial Intelligence of Things is being used in robotics for several applications such as surgical procedures, manufacturing, and even first aid. In healthcare specifically, AIoT powered robots are taking huge leaps. Robotic surgery eliminates the chance of human error and offers a much more precise surgical experience with minimum invasion. This enhances the success rate of surgery and aids faster recovery in patients. Logistics The convergence of AI and IoT has made a huge impact on logistics as it is now possible to automate the entire process, track the goods, as well as monitor the entire trajectory from deployment to delivery. With the addition of drones and robotics, even the last mile delivery can be automated with zero human intervention. This makes for faster delivery, better customer experience, as well as a well-designed supply chain management system. Industrial As the concept of adding smart sensors to physical objects emerged in the 1980s, a new term was coined a decade later—Industrial Internet of Things. IIoT is now a huge phenomenon of automating and optimizing industrial operation technologies across the globe. As IIoT is deployed in several factions of the industry including manufacturing, supply chain management, human resources, and energy management, these devices and sensors generate a massive amount of data daily. The data generated from even a single process can be dizzying, and this is where AI makes a difference. AI can not only manage this data but also find the relevant points of data and analyze it for business purposes. Edge Computing Artificial Intelligence has given way for another technology i.e. Edge computing. Edge computing allows a device to process data itself rather than rely on remote data servers to do so. It may seem like a small feat but think of the possibilities it offers—drones don’t have to be connected to find their way, smart appliances can interact with each other without a shared network, and thermostats can change the temperature based on your past preferences automatically. Edge computing is by no way a new technology but, in the future, it offers huge possibilities like smart automobiles and aircraft, or even robots in every home. Frequently Asked Questions What are the examples of Artificial Intelligence? Some of the most common examples of Artificial Intelligence are Google Maps and Uber. The AI allows you to find routes to any destination and even hail rides there. How does AI help IoT? Artificial Intelligence can comb through millions of data points in seconds to come up with patterns and analyze them. As IoT generates a lot of data continuously, AI is a powerful and complementary technology that helps IoT. Is IoT related to Artificial Intelligence? Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are two separate technologies that interact with each other well as their functions aid each other progress. 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Enterprise Iot

Article | May 11, 2023

Driving digital transformation in manufacturing: Embracing seamless connectivity, data integration and risk-proof IoT security for enhanced efficiency, product quality, and innovation in industry 4.0. Contents 1. Introduction to IoT Security in the Connected Era 1.1 Significance of IoT Security for Business Resilience 1.2 Current Scenario of IoT Security 2. Next-Gen Authentication and Authorization for IoT Devices 3. Secure Ecosystems for Businesses Through IoT Network Access Control 4. Quantum Cryptography: Fortifying IoT Data Protection 5. IoT Security Providers for Connectivity in Businesses 5.1 Armis 5.2 Mocana 5.3 Inside Secure 5.4 V5 Systems 5.5 Nozomi Networks 5.6 Dragos 5.7 Claroty 5.8 ForgeRock 5.9 Praetorian 5.10 Security Innovation 6. Key Takeaways 1. Introduction to IoT Security in the Connected Era In the connected era, the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has brought unparalleled convenience and efficiency to businesses and individuals alike. The interlinking of devices and their efficient networking is the need of the hour for businesses to function effectively with maximum productivity. However, IoT security has become paramount with the exponential growth of interconnected devices. Ensuring the security and integrity of these devices and the data they handle is crucial for businesses to safeguard their operations, protect customer privacy, and maintain trust in the digital ecosystem. 1.1 Significance of IoT Security for Business Resilience IoT security in businesses encompasses a comprehensive approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential vulnerabilities throughout the IoT ecosystem. This includes implementing robust authentication mechanisms, encryption protocols, and access controls to prevent unauthorized access. Monitoring and updating IoT devices to address emerging threats is essential to maintaining a robust security posture. Business resilience requires staying proactive in the face of ever-evolving cyber threats. Regular security assessments, vulnerability testing, and incident response planning are essential to identifying and addressing potential weaknesses in IoT devices before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach enables organizations to respond to security incidents swiftly, minimize the impact of a breach, and recover operations more efficiently. 1.2 Current Scenario of IoT Security IoT security requires the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as AI and ML, to proactively detect and respond to cyber threats. Businesses can identify patterns, anomalies, and potential security risks by analyzing the vast amounts of data generated by IoT devices. Advanced security measures also involve securing communication channels and adopting secure coding practices to minimize the risk of data breaches or tampering. Correct and legitimate information in IoT security is crucial, as inadequate security measures can expose businesses to significant risks. Cyberattacks targeting IoT devices, such as botnets, ransomware, and data breaches, have already resulted in substantial financial losses and reputational damage for organizations worldwide. To stay ahead of malicious actors, businesses must prioritize ongoing security training, collaborate with industry experts, and adhere to established security standards. 2. Next-Gen Authentication and Authorization for IoT Devices The future of IoT security relies on next-generation authentication and authorization mechanisms designed to address the unique challenges of IoT environments. Biometric and behavioral authentication techniques offer enhanced security by verifying user identity based on physical or behavioral characteristics, adding an extra layer of protection for IoT devices. Context-aware access control adapts permissions dynamically based on contextual factors such as device location and user behavior, ensuring secure access in dynamic IoT networks. Additionally, smart manufacturing leveraging blockchain technology provides immutable and decentralized identity management, mitigating the risk of identity fraud and enhancing trust in IoT ecosystems. Embracing these advanced authentication and authorization approaches allows businesses to fortify the security of their IoT devices and establish a resilient foundation for the connected future. 3. Secure Ecosystems for Businesses Through IoT Network Access Control IoT network access control plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security and integrity of business ecosystems. With the proliferation of IoT devices, controlling and securing access to these interconnected devices becomes paramount. Implementing robust network access control mechanisms helps businesses establish secure network segmentation, granting specific access privileges based on roles and responsibilities. Segmenting IoT devices from critical systems can contain potential breaches, limiting the impact on the entire network. Moreover, secure device authorization is essential for vetting and authenticating IoT devices before granting network access. Advanced authentication mechanisms, such as two-factor or certificate-based authentication, provide an extra layer of protection, ensuring that only trusted devices can join the network. This fortifies the ecosystem against unauthorized or compromised devices, reducing the risk of data breaches and cyberattacks. In the digital era, where data is a critical asset, network access control is not only a technical imperative but also a business necessity. Businesses must prioritize implementing these advanced access control measures to safeguard their ecosystems, protect sensitive data, and maintain customer trust. A secure IoT ecosystem fosters business resilience, allowing organizations to fully leverage the transformative potential of IoT while mitigating security risks effectively. 4. Quantum Cryptography: Fortifying IoT Data Protection The technology is shifting towards quantum computing, which possesses superior processing capacity. It can readily circumvent existing cryptographic algorithms. Quantum cryptography is a secure method for encrypting data and assuring the highest level of security by providing only a single secret key to decrypt, only in the data's owner's possession. In contrast to traditional quantum computers, quantum computing's cryptography relies on physical rather than mathematical properties. It is a completely impenetrable system; imitating or viewing any data protected by encoded encryption in a quantum state is impossible. It is also impervious to any quantum computing applications. Public key cryptography algorithms, which are highly secure and ensure data protection against any quantum computer cyberattack, provide this protection against any quantum computer cyberattack. 5. IoT Security Providers for Connectivity in Businesses 5.1 Armis Armis provides the foremost asset intelligence platform on the market, designed to address the new threat landscape created by connected devices. Without an agent, it offers rich facts and context for device identification and classification, including manufacturer, model, IP and MAC addresses, OS, reputation, and usernames. The platform monitors device behavior and detects active vulnerabilities and threats in real-time. Armis provides reliable threat detection and response using premium threat intelligence feeds and device behavior insights. The Armis Threat Detection Engine quickly protects the environment by combining threat intelligence sources. Policy violations and threat detections can be enforced automatically or manually, allowing companies to disconnect or quarantine suspicious or malicious devices through network infrastructure or integrated security solutions. Armis Agentless Device Security Platform installs easily without network changes. It enhances infrastructure to protect assets. Its technology provides visibility, proactive threat detection, and effective cybersecurity management to protect vital assets and company activities. 5.2 Mocana Mocanacyber security for the Internet of Things, operational technology, and vital infrastructure. Mocana's tightly integrated solutions assist businesses in mitigating the risk of a cyber-attack, adhering to industry standards, and safeguarding intellectual property by ensuring that devices and processes are trusted end-to-end, from device fabrication to deployment. DigiCert for Connected Devices offers a streamlined and efficient solution for seamless application integration and migration, eliminating the need for custom code across various systems. This approach enhances resilience, maintains continuous perimeter security, and increases agility in responding to vulnerabilities or attacks. Digital trust is at the core of every endpoint, securing and hardening devices in the field with plug-and-play applications. Immutable identity simplifies device discovery and identification, streamlining compliance audits and providing real-time oversight of the entire IoT environment. Secure boot processes, remote shutdown capabilities, and comprehensive visibility and control over network connections further enhance security. 5.3 Inside Secure Inside Secureis a leading provider of security solutions for mobile and connected devices. They offer a comprehensive software portfolio, silicon IP, tools, and expertise to safeguard customers' transactions, content, applications, and communications. With a strong focus on security, the company delivers products with advanced technical capabilities that cover a wide range of security requirement levels. They serve various demanding markets, including network security for IoT, content & application protection, and mobile payment & banking. Inside Secure's technology plays a crucial role in protecting solutions for a diverse range of customers, including service providers, content distributors, security system integrators, device vendors, and semiconductor manufacturers. Their deep security expertise and experience allow them to deliver innovative and differentiated security solutions to address the evolving security challenges in the rapidly changing landscape of mobile and connected devices. 5.4 V5 Systems V5 Systems a technology firm recognized for introducing the world’s inaugural edge computing platform designed specifically for outdoor environments. The company has established a comprehensive solution addressing outdoor security, power, and computing requirements. V5 Systems delivers advanced outdoor security solutions along with a versatile computing platform capable of supporting various third-party applications. Additionally, the innovative ongoing power platform developed by V5 Systems enables unparalleled computing capabilities in any outdoor setting. With a commitment to leading the charge in Industrial IoT technology advancements, V5 Systems is dedicated to ongoing innovation. While the company prioritizes its customers and partners, ensuring the delivery of products and services with the highest level of enterprise support and customer care; it is focused on fostering a safer, smarter world, empowering stakeholders. 5.5 Nozomi Networks Nozomi Networks specializes in protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats, offering a unique platform that combines network and endpoint visibility, threat detection, and AI-powered analysis for faster and more effective incident response. To mitigate IoT data security challenges, Nozomi Networks recommends starting with the assumption that IoT devices are inherently insecure and each device can serve as a vulnerable entry point into the network and business processes. Key strategies to address IoT security challenges include network Segmentation by limiting connectivity of IoT devices and networks to the business network, Vulnerability Management and Cybersecurity Monitoring by Monitoring network traffic, which provides insight into device behavior and helps identify malicious events and zero-day attacks. It helps organizations identify all communicating assets on their networks, detect vulnerable OT and IoT assets, monitor IoT cybersecurity threats and process reliability. 5.6 Dragos Dragoswitha global mission to safeguard civilization's industrial infrastructure, offers influential industrial cybersecurity technology through the Dragos Platform. This platform gives customers visibility into their ICS/OT assets, vulnerabilities, threats, and response actions. The strength of the Dragos Platform lies in its ability to incorporate Dragos's industry-leading OT threat intelligence and insights from the Dragos services team into the software. Additionally, Dragos adopts a community-focused approach, allowing customers access to the most extensive array of industrial organizations for collective defense and broad visibility. To ensure compliance with OT cybersecurity controls, Dragos provides industrial cybersecurity solutions tailored to meet cybersecurity control requirements, including NERC-CIP, TSA Pipeline, US Federal BOD, EU NIS, KSA OTCC, and more. Furthermore, Dragos WorldView Threat Intelligence provides situational awareness of adversary activity and vulnerabilities affecting industrial sectors, including adversary research, strategic intelligence reports and vulnerability analysis. 5.7 Claroty Clarotyisa leading provider of industrial cybersecurity solutions, empowering organizations to secure cyber-physical systems across industrial, healthcare (IoMT), and enterprise environments, known as the Extended Internet of Things (XIoT). Their unified platform integrates with customers' existing infrastructure to offer a range of controls, including visibility, risk and vulnerability management, threat detection, and secure remote access. It offers Ongoing security and compliance posture management, including full asset inventory across the XIoT, A zero-trust security architecture critical for minimizing cyber risk in OT environments and Proactive threat detection and mitigation to address the difficulty of responding to evolving threats. With extensive experience in cyber risk management, Claroty provides robust solutions that cater to a wide range of industries, including electric, oil & gas, manufacturing, building automation systems, chemical, government, water, food & beverage, mining, transportation, and pharmaceutical. 5.8 ForgeRock ForgeRock is a leading digital identity provider that offers modern and comprehensive IAM solutions for consumers, employees, and IoT devices. Their AI-powered identity platform enables organizations to achieve Zero Trust and Continuous Adaptive Risk and Trust Assessment (CARTA) security models quickly and efficiently across hybrid IT environments.ForgeRock helps organizations deliver Zero Trust and CARTA security by continuously identifying and remediating user access risks using AI-powered analytics. With ForgeRock Intelligent Access, organizations can build secure and dynamic user journeys without impacting IT resources or application performance. The platform allows authentication and authorization with context, such as user, device, behavior, and location. ForgeRock enables the infusion of modern identity into legacy systems and environments, applying Zero Trust principles across the organization. They provide free downloads and offer resources for organizations to learn more about their solutions and implement a robust zero-trust strategy. 5.9 Praetorian Praetorian offers end-to-end Internet of Things product security evaluations and certifications, ensuring the security of IoT products from chip to cloud. Their solutions cover various technological domains, including embedded devices, firmware, wireless communications protocols, web and mobile applications, cloud services and APIs, and back-end network infrastructure. They have developed research-driven evaluation methodologies to address emerging security challenges based on the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS). This approach allows for tiered pricing based on the comprehensiveness of the security review, accommodating different testing and budget requirements. They employ various techniques to uncover unknown vulnerabilities in their professional security evaluations, depending on the level of rigor required. 5.10 Security Innovation Security is a reputable authority in software security, assisting organizations in building and deploying more secure software. The company specializes in software security, where traditional information security and business consultants often struggle. Security Innovation offers progressive training covering the full spectrum of IoT software assurance for builders, operators, and defenders. Security Innovation conducts IoT security testing for IoT and embedded systems to ensure the secure implementation of IoT software and firmware. They meticulously review connected devices' security threats and attack surfaces, examining physical, communication, infrastructure, and application levels. Their precision security testing focuses on high-risk areas that attackers are likely to target. IoT security testing outputs include security and functional objectives, identified attack vectors, and guidance on fixing vulnerabilities through mitigating controls. 6. Key Takeaways Exploring the IoT security landscape in the era of connectivity is crucial as the Internet of Things continues to expand and impact various industries. As the number of interconnected devices surges, the IoT security landscape will become increasingly complex, with new threats and vulnerabilities constantly emerging. The need for advanced security measures and proactive cybersecurity strategies will be more critical than ever before. Innovations in device-based authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as biometric and behavioral authentication, as well as context-aware access control, will enhance the security of IoT ecosystems. Furthermore, industry-wide collaboration and adopting security standards will be essential to building a resilient IoT security landscape. Manufacturers, developers, and stakeholders must prioritize security by design, ensuring that IoT devices are built with safety as a fundamental principle. Implementing secure development practices, conducting regular security audits, and establishing effective incident response plans will bolster IoT security. Addressing security challenges becomes paramount as IoT devices become more interconnected and play a significant role in critical operations. With the growing adoption of IoT, a proactive approach to IoT security is essential to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data and maintain the trust of users and customers. By prioritizing IoT security and taking proactive measures, organizations can fully realize the benefits of connectivity while mitigating the risks associated with the ever-expanding IoT landscape.

Article | April 14, 2021

Trying to secure the industrial network in one go is like boiling the ocean. Better to view it as a journey. At each step in the journey, you’ll make incremental changes to people, process, and technology. Minimal security. This is the current state for most manufacturers. If you’re here, you’ve segmented the industrial network from the IT network. Traffic can’t cross from the IT network to the industrial network without clearing the DMZ. You can block malware from entering the industrial network. You can block malware from leaving the industrial network to infect the enterprise network. But if the industrial network is exposed to malicious software, you don’t have a way to contain it. That means the malware might affect multiple manufacturing cells or production lines — even multiple plants.